On July 14, 1789, the disappearing middle class and increasingly impoverished poor in Paris rose up and stormed the Bastille–a symbol of their oppression by the rich, the corporations, the corrupt officials waxed fat with stripping lands and rights from the people and began a systematic overthrow of a broken system. On August 4, 1789, the corrupt Church and the privileges of the nobility were attacked and prohibited from collecting tithes from the poor,
Christian tithing
with clergy demanding them like prototype Jerry Falwell, Pat Robertson, James Dobson, and various televangelists (there is no Biblical foundation for tithing 10%). On July 12, 1790, the clergy, from Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, 1st Prince de Bénévent (bishop of Autun; popularly known as le diable boiteux [the lame devil]) to the lowest cleric became public servants by law and could no longer threaten the right of people to decide their own destiny, and many turned toward rejecting the faith that had kept them in bondage for hundreds of years. The greatest day in French history, January 21, 1793, began with the execution of the bumbling King Louis XVI. He would soon be followed by nobility, corrupt clerics and predatory preachers, and a host of corporate leaders who were impoverishing the nation by passing legislation against unions, collective bargaining and human rights.
Poverty and child labor in the late 18th century
The corruption of the church and the clergy that despoiled the wavering faithful was exceeded only by the French wealthy entrepreneurs and nobility who spoke only for themselves and had no concern for the working people of the nation: those who made the furniture, the buggies and coaches, the bread, and tended gardens and fields so that the rich could eat and occasionally toss them table scraps. The silence of the poor was strained, and in the garrets and in the hovels that many called home, there was the whispers of open armed revolution and the toppling of the upper-class–regardless of the cost–many noting that it was organized religion that was buttressing a bankrupt government and a society that held benefits only for the wealth and well-healed, those with money, power, and position. The smoldering embers of resentment soon led into a full-scale conflagration and more than churches and the homes of the rich broke into jetting flames.
Fête de la Raison, le 10 novembre 1793
As the flames were shooting embers into the air as palaces became charred, the first of hundreds of currish corporate leaders mounted the steps to the guillotine; the celebrated, albeit too brief, the Culte de la Raison was born and became the voice of humanocentricism with the sole aim of perfecting mortals through reason rather than superstition or slavish devotion to any single source that had the audacity to proclaim that it was either inspired by or written by any deity that enchained the people with the torturous tools of fear of imaginary hell or an elusive heaven. All religious shackles were shattered, the ecclesiastical articles of torture exhibited, and the clergy vilified for their carnal and cavernous appetites. Abstract idea of religious were rejected as being biased against select groups, and the movement turned to elevate all opinions as equal in value and encouraged to be studied (Kennedy, Emmet (1989). A Cultural History of the French Revolution. Yale University Press. p. 343.).
Women walking to Versailles (1789) to beg for bread
As prices rose, food became scarce and housing became too expensive and difficult to find, the poor rose up and attacked banks, investors, and the captains of industry. The French Revolution was not about bread, but the cost of bread, as the wealthy controlled the cost and everything associated with bread. The greatest problem was that the wealthy refused to pay their fair share of taxes, expected tax subsidies, and to be given tax credits while the Middle Class disappeared. The rich entrepreneurs who made millions while their workers barely survived did so by literally and physically buying tax loopholes and tax breaks for themselves and their families and related social groups–all being blessed by a congenial and draconian clergy that rallied for public prayers open to the public so that the people would look more eagerly for the splendors of heaven while suffering perdition on earth. The rich, in fact, could in fact buy government positions, which they did in extraordinary numbers. just to get tax benefits and the forgiveness of all taxes. Everyone in the French government who worked for the nation was or would become enormously rich as they talked about fixing a working budget that never applied to themselves and made certain that it never came to pass while they kept exempting themselves, their businesses and big farms from taxes.
France’s finances were in such bad shape because of the increasing corruption of big businesses that in 1789 Louis XVI called the Estates General to meet for the first time in 150 years. After that meeting failed, public outrage at the special privileges helped launch the French Revolution. It is past time that it happen in the USA, UK, and elsewhere that the favored few lived sumptuous lifestyles while the rest live like paupers and pawns.
Tea Party racism
The Court of Louis XVI was only a weak prototype of the corruption of the Tea Party in the USA, and his advisors but shadows of the Koch Brothers and today’s randy politicians from Rick Perry and his interest in gay men, Michele Bachmann, Sarah Palin, Tim Pawlenty, Mitt Romney who argues that corporations are people, and others all buttressed by their corrupt clergy from Bradlee Dean to James Dobson and the roster that appeared in Texas with Rick Perry at his Prayer Response in August 2011, with everything funded by the Koch Brother’s Tea Party and racism in the USA. It is time that the people of the USA rise up as did the good citizens of Paris and take their country back from the Koch Brothers, Hunt Brothers, and similar autocrats who pay millions to protect themselves from the righteous wrath of those they forced out of jobs and homes. The French went after their corrupt court judges, yet where the thoroughly despicable and disputable US Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Roberts continues to stumble backwards to the seventeenth century, the people of the USA have neither the will nor the interest in overthrowing this vile institution that claims that corporations are people. Contemporary journalism has little interest in the Machiavellian machinations of this elite group, as the media is far more interested in the sex life of Tiger Woods, or who was chosen to represent Miss USA.
I like your parallels between the Court of Louis XVI and the Tea Party, Art. As with all your work, this piece is well-written (and researched, of course), and filled with details that make me stop and rethink what I THOUGHT I knew. Well done!
I’m following all your posts now because I don’t want to risk missing one.
Interesting article, Art.
I appreciated your essay on the French Revolution. I wish I had written it and had seen it before I wrote mine a week ago. Thought you might like to see it (I write a weekly column for our Duluth , MN Reader Weekly, an intelligent freebie paper like most cities offer for free). Gary G. Kohls, MD, Duluth, MN
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“Rise up, you unfortunates of the city, workmen without work, street stragglers sleeping under bridges, prowlers along the highways, beggars without food or shelter, vagabonds, cripples and tramps…” Jean-Paul Marat
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Duty to Warn
Recalling the French Revolution of 1789:
Lessons for the Arab Spring and Occupy Wall Street Movements
Posted at: http://evergreenedigest.org/duty-warn-recalling-french-revolution-1789
By Gary G. Kohls, MD
Recently, while I was reading into a book about Adolf Hitler, entitled The Psychopathic God, I ran across a meaningful quote from a French Revolution-era author, diplomat and orator named Honore Mirabeau. In the book he authored about his experiences visiting the kingdom of Prussia (A Secret History of the Court of Berlin) he wrote:
“Prussia is not a country that has an Army; it is an Army that has a country”.
That quote piqued my interest so I did some research into the realities in which Mirabeau found himself. My initial thought was to write column about Prussian militarism and the alarming similarities to our own but instead decided to write about the French Revolution, particularly with the early phases of the current revolution going on around the world in the Occupy Wall Street and Arab Spring Uprising movements. There are many lessons to be learned.
I will expand on Mirabeau’s tantalizing quote in another column at another time. In the meantime you can think about its relevance for our time.
Honore Mirabeau was one of the few voices of moderation and compromise during the early phases of the eventual mass slaughter that characterized the tragic French Revolution, which, if we will try to recall our inadequate high school world history books, we should remember began in 1789. The French Revolution was partially inspired by the American Revolution which occurred a few years earlier. Both revolutions shook the complacent world of European kings and queens, not to mention dictators and assorted autocrats all around the world.
Honore Mirabeau was one of the political leaders in the early stages of the revolt in Paris, a time when nobody had yet decided what to do with the king and the kingdom. Mirabeau and his wise counsel died too soon – in 1791, before the Terror began – of either poisoning or heart complications from his previously diagnosed pericarditis.
The Storming of the Bastille – July 14, 1789
The Revolution was a mass movement against the tyranny and oppression of the French monarchy and all the oppressive economic, police state and the politically and socially unjust structures that go with that reality. He earnestly searched for, in that polarized time in French history, some sort of non-violent compromise between the doomed members of the parasitic, predatory, aristocratic ruling classes (and their figure-head king Louis XVI – and his influential queen Marie Antoinette) and the many political factions that were jockeying for position in the power vacuum that followed the start of the revolution with the symbolic storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789.
The Bastille was an infamous prison that was the hated symbol of all that was oppressive about the militarily-enforced, economically-oppressive, totalitarian regime of Louis XVI.
One could easily compare the Bastille to the seats of dictatorial power in the various Arab Spring nations or to Wall Street in 2011. All were logical symbolic targets of a long-suffering, enraged and increasingly hopeless people who had little no say in the national political process and didn’t trust those in positions of authority. All were obvious targets of those who had endured taxation without representation and who were victims of job insecurity, indebtedness from predatory lenders, arbitrary arrests, extra-judicial imprisonments and executions. All were definitely symbols of corporate exploitation, police harassment and harsh or unfair punishment for crimes that were either unjust or that they did not commit.
Unfortunately, however it was undisciplined mob violence that kick-started the French Revolution, which eventually turned into anarchy and civil war and the predictable retaliatory responses of various power factions, often using hired thugs and paid mercenary soldiers to commit serial atrocities against one another.
Violence and the desire for revenge is a very human (but not a very spiritual) response to oppression. It is quite understandable however, for the gap between the rich and the poor in that era was vast and widening, and the 99% who lived at the poverty level were constantly food and job insecure, with no access to affordable health care, the growing of their own food or being paid a livable wage.
The infamous pamphleteer (and eventually one of the doomed dictators) Jean-Paul Marat was an angry, pro-violent idealist who was also a single-minded power-seeker. When he eventually attained absolute political power, he became a psychopathic mass murderer. In one of his early pamphlets (1789), he wrote:
“Rise up, you unfortunates of the city, workmen without work, street stragglers sleeping under bridges, prowlers along the highways, beggars without food or shelter, vagabonds, cripples and tramps…cut the thumbs off the aristocrats who conspire against you; split the tongues of the priests who have preached servitude.”
Marat’s quote reminds me of a phrase I once heard: “The French Revolution will be complete when the last priest is strangled with the guts of the last lawyer.” I don’t recall exactly where I heard that one, but I hasten to add that I don’t agree with it. I do, however, understand where the sentiment came form.
“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity or Death”
Most of us who espouse the courageous, active nonviolent resistance to oppression of the type modeled and taught by Jesus, Gandhi and King will resonate with the first part of Marat’s quote but will be appalled by the last part. The quote points out very nicely, however, what was one of the grave mistakes of the French Revolution, and that was the willingness to use homicidal violence to attain the goals of the famous motto of the revolution: “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”. (Actually the original motto was “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity or Death” but the “Death” part was judiciously dropped with the September Massacres, the Parisian Terror, the civil war and the mass beheadings – the latter thanks to the “humane” invention of French physician Dr. J. I. Guillotin).
Marat’s apparent solidarity with the victims of an oppressive system was actually an incitement to mob violence and the overthrow of the existing system by those long-suffering people who genuinely yearned to be free. Marat understandably miscalculated when he led the revolution in a violent direction. He had it wrong but, despite France being a Christian nation (Roman Catholicism was the state religion), few or none, even among the clergy in that era, understood the practicality or ethics of the nonviolence of Jesus.
“Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely”
Britain’s Lord Acton was similarly appalled when he wrote about the disastrous end results of the French Revolution. He authored the insightful and very truthful dictum that says: “Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely.” And that dictum applies to economic power, political power, military power, police power, sexual power, racial power, but not the power of love.
The French commoners knew all about crushing poverty, but they, like Marat, also knew who were the exploiters, the predators and the undeserving, over-privileged ones who were their overlords. They were the easily identifiable ones who were living a life of excess luxury wealth, living off the blood, sweat and tears of those just struggling to survive.
There were a number of well-fed elites in France who were living parasitically off the labor of the masses and the good graces of the royalty, whose money came from fees and taxes that were disproportionately assessed on the lower classes and often not paid at all by the wealthy. The moneyed classes did a lot of partying, financial speculating and theatre-going and had no visible means of support other than their connections to the crown. They spent a lot of their leisure time counting their money, flaunting their wealth, managing their estates, drinking spirits, philandering and otherwise enjoying their leisure time.
Even institutions like the wealthy and powerful Catholic church and its bishops were generally despised by the masses, as the Marat and the anonymous quotes above makes clear. The less-than-useless aristocracy, the hereditary nobility and the wealthy land-owners were equally hated, as were the greedy bankers and the investor classes that were always creating economic bubbles that eventually burst, usually hurting the innocent and impoverished more than the guilty ones.
Other over-privileged groups who were dependent on the good graces of the king included the legal profession (lawyers and judges) and the King’s military, security forces and police establishments. They were the ones who enforced unjust laws and kept the impoverished, hopeless, starving and increasingly restless people under control. The poor were derogatorily referred to as sans culottes (literally “without breeches”) and they feared the jackboot on their necks, the police baton on their skulls and the “knock on the door at midnight”.
But they were eager to get up from under the repression and demanded their rights, articulated so beautifully in the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, a precursor to the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948, a document largely ignored by many of the signatories, including the United States, particularly since the gutting of the US Constitution with the Cheney/Bush-era Patriot Acts and Homeland Security Act and the Obama-era Citizens United ruling by the pro-corporate, anti-democracy 5-4 Supreme Court.
Active Nonviolent Resistance to Evil, the Most Important Lesson to be Learned
There are numerous lessons to be learned from revolutions of the past, but the most important one for our revolutionary time is already being understood and implemented; and that is the truth that courageous, active, nonviolent revolutions in the mode of Jesus, Gandhi and King are the ones that the powerful and the violent find most difficult to overcome. The agents provocateur, infiltrators and the armed mercenary thugs that are sent by corporations or the government to disrupt nonviolent demonstrations are signs of desperation among the ruling elite.
These enforcers of the establishment (that desperately wants the gravy train to keep on running smoothly) desperately want to avoid criminal indictments or jail time. They prefer to be confronted by violent resistance. They know how to deal with violence. They can open fire, claiming that the protestors drew “first blood”. They have all the new-fangled, high tech weapons systems and tactics that can figuratively of literally “mow down” or “disappear” protestors.
But the corporate and government enforcers are confused and uncertain as to how to deal with nonviolent direct action, especially when it is strengthened by the new media (the cell phone, FaceBook, Twitter and internet era). They may not dare to use the classical police state fascism methods of crowd control. And they know that they do not have the capacity or the resources to arrest everybody or imprison everybody. Leaderless mass movements can’t be decapitated or disappeared.
What the world needs now, and what the Occupy Wall Street and Arab Spring Uprising movements are wisely providing, is not a movement led by a single major prophet that can be easily silenced by assassination or arrested. Such movements are easily stopped (a la Jesus, Gandhi, MLK, Wellstone). What the world is seeing and applauding today are movements led by a million minor prophets that are too numerous to deal with by violent police repression.
Vive la revolution!
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Note: for an excellent YouTube video about the French Revolution, from British comedian, Mark Steel, check out: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHsdGdrAPWw&feature=related
A superb, well-written essay. Thank you for contributing it, and I will let my readership enjoy your ensights.